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What are they? |
How are they named? | If we
know the formula | If we know the name
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Examples | Exercises |
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What are they?
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They are compounds formed by hydrogen
and a nonmetal of the groups 13, 14 and 15.
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How are they named?
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The name is the
root of the nonmetal
with the suffix "–ane".
A Greek prefix that shows us the
number of atoms of nonmetal.
The number of hydrogens can go brackets. Also
accepting their common names.
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If we know the formula
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In the formula:
We look at the element that is not hydrogen.
We write the root of element
followed by the suffix "–ane".
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If we know the name
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In the name:
The root of nonmetal tells us the element that is not hydrogen. The number of H
will be 3 for elements of the
grupo13 (group B), 4 for elements of the group 14 (group C), and 3 for elements
of the group 15 (Group N). If the subscript the nonmetal
is not 1 must know the structure
of the compound, then it puts between brackets the number
of hydrogens.
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Examples
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Systematic name
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Common name
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| NH3 |
Azane |
Ammonia |
| N2H4 |
Diazane |
Hydrazine |
| PH3 |
Phosphane |
Phosphane |
| P2H4 |
Diphosphane |
Diphosphane |
| AsH3 |
Arsane |
Arsane |
| SbH3 |
Stibane |
Stibane |
| CH4 |
Methane |
Methane |
| SiH4 |
Silane |
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| Si2H6 |
Disilane |
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| BH3 |
Borane |
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| B2H6 |
Diborane
or diborane(6) |
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| B3H5 |
Triborane or triborane(5) |
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Methane follows the rules of the organic
nomenclature.
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Exercises
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In Formulae you have an exercise to write the names of these substances
and to check your results. You also have the answer to the exercise.
In Names you have an exercise to write the formulae for these substances
and to check your results. You have to introduce the formulae without
subscripts, for example for water = H2O. You also have the answer to the
exercise.
   
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